Mots-clés
attitudes et pratiques
santé sexuelle et reproductive
Protocole de Maputo
Gbado-lite
République démocratique du Congo
Comment citer
Résumé
L’interruption volontaire de grossesse (IVG) demeure un enjeu sensible de santé sexuelle et reproductive en République démocratique du Congo, en raison de contraintes socioculturelles, institutionnelles et juridiques persistantes. Cette étude visait à analyser les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques (CAP) des étudiantes des établissements supérieurs de Gbado-lite concernant l’IVG, en lien avec le cadre légal et les services disponibles. Une enquête transversale descriptive et analytique a été menée auprès de 300 étudiantes de l’Université de Gbado-lite et de l’ISP Molegbe, à l’aide d’un questionnaire électronique, avec analyses descriptives et régression logistique multivariée. Les résultats montrent que 99 % des étudiantes ont déjà entendu parler de l’IVG, principalement par la famille et les pairs (93,9 %), tandis que les cours universitaires restent peu mobilisés (15,2 %). Bien que 62 % connaissent l’existence des services de soins complets d’avortement, 95,2 % les jugent inaccessibles. L’IVG bénéficie d’une acceptabilité élevée (87 % favorables ; 67,7 % pour sa légalisation), et 91,3 % déclarent l’avoir pratiquée ou envisagée, principalement pour des grossesses non désirées et la poursuite des études. Malgré ces attitudes favorables, 62 % présentent un faible niveau de connaissance, et le niveau académique constitue le seul facteur associé à une attitude positive (Licence : ORa = 5,87 ; Master : ORa = 2,62). Ces résultats révèlent un décalage entre normalisation sociale et encadrement institutionnel. Ils soulignent la nécessité d’implanter des services de soins complets dans les universités et de renforcer l’éducation à la santé reproductive, afin d’aligner connaissances, attitudes et pratiques et de mieux protéger les étudiantes.
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