Phytochemical study and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of extracts of Morinda lucida Benth (Rubiaceae) 1849 and Bridelia ferruginea Benth (Phyllanthaceae) 1849
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Abstract
Give that the side effects of synthetic compounds represent a major public health issue, we investigated this problem using medicinal plants specifically Morinda lucida and Bridelia ferruginea to identify bioactive molecules with potential anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties that carry fewer adverse health effects for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases. The aim of our study was to conduct a phytochemical analysis to determine the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of these plants. Furthermore, solution-based phytochemical screening revealed that the leaves and bark of both plants are rich in secondary metabolites, including polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, leucoanthocyanins, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and both bound and free quinones. Steroids were found to be present in Morinda lucida leaves but absent in Bridelia ferruginea bark. Quantification of secondary metabolites demonstrated that Morinda lucida leaves and Bridelia ferruginea bark contain very high levels of total polyphenols and moderate levels of flavonoids. The tested extracts from the leaves and bark of both plants exhibited in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in guinea pigs and rats. Antibacterial testing specifically the MBC/MIC ratio revealed bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects for Bridelia ferruginea extracts; while Morinda lucida extracts yielded indeterminate values due to high concentrations, the M. lucida extracts particularly the organic ones remained active regarding MIC, showing concentrations of ≤ 250 μg/mL. Thus, the analysis and evaluation of our plant beneficial pharmacological properties without adverse effects.
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