Keywords
antibiotics
biogenic nanoparticles
Kalanchoe pinnata
photodynamic therapy
How to Cite
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major global public health threat, particularly alarming in resource-limited settings. This study aimed (i) to assess the epidemiological profile of bacterial resistance in a local context, and (ii) to test an innovative approach based on the synthesis of biogenic copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) derived from Kalanchoe pinnata. A microbiological survey identified Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter sp. as the main resistant strains, with partial susceptibility to nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin. The Cu-NPs, characterized by X-ray diffraction and fluorescence, revealed the presence of Cu, Sr, Fe, and Ca. Although their standalone activity was limited according to the antibiogram, their combination with ciprofloxacin significantly enhanced antibacterial efficacy, particularly against E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Moreover, the photodynamic method showed increased potential of Cu-NPs, especially when associated with a photosensitizer (5-Bromo-2-Nitrovanillin). These findings suggest that K. pinnata may represent a promising source of nanomaterials with synergistic activity alongside selected antibiotics and photodynamic approaches. To maximize impact, the following are recommended: (1) strengthening national surveillance of bacterial resistance through accredited laboratory networks; (2) integrating green nanomaterials into translational research programs; (3) promoting policies for the rational use of antibiotics to reduce selective pressures; and (4) supporting interdisciplinary research linking ethnopharmacology and nanotechnology in the fight against multidrug-resistant strains.
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