Factors associated with the occurrence of mental health problems among youth aged 12 to 24 in the city of Kananga, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Abstract

Adolescent and youth mental health represents a major global public health concern. The 12–24 age group constitutes a critical transitional period characterized by biological, psychological, and social changes that may significantly influence mental well-being. In low-resource settings, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, young people are frequently exposed to vulnerability factors such as socioeconomic deprivation, family instability, violence, and limited access to mental health services. This study, conducted from March 17 to July 27, 2025, in Kananga, analyzes the factors associated with the occurrence of mental health problems among youth in the urban setting of Kananga. Data were collected from 422 participants through guided interviews. The analysis identified 15 key factors supporting the research hypotheses, including the 17–20 age group, living environment, emotional distress, use of psychoactive substances, past illnesses, experiences of violence, family health issues, loneliness, social isolation, personal safety, and stigma. These findings confirm the initial assumptions of the study.