Mots-clés
Comportement sédentaire
Indice de masse corporel
Ecoliers
Kinshasa
Comment citer
Résumé
La réduction des opportunités de mouvements et l’utilisation en outrance des écrans favorisent des comportements inactifs et sédentaires chez les écoliers, avec des conséquences pondérales encore peu documentées à Kinshasa. Notre étude a évalué le niveau d’activité physique (AP) et de comportement sédentaire (CS), ainsi que leur association avec l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) auprès de 504 écoliers de 8 à 13 ans recrutés par convenance dans deux écoles. L’AP et le CS ont été évalués par le questionnaire CAPAS-Q et l’IMC sur base des mesures objectives du poids et de la taille, et interprété selon les courbes de corpulence de l’OMS. Des analyses ont été effectuées à l'aide de STATA 16.0 et SPSS 25.0 avec un seuil de signification statistique fixé à 5%. La prévalence du surpoids est de 26,4% et l’obésité de 37,3%. 79,1% ont un niveau d’AP insuffisant, majoritairement les filles (85,2%) et à l’école Loupiots (96,6%). Le CS est plus marqué à la maison et chez les filles. L’IMC est significativement plus élevé à Loupiots. L’AP pratiquée à l’école est associée à un l’IMC plus faible, mais le CS à la maison l’augmente de manière très significative. L’analyse multivariée identifie quatre principaux prédicteurs de l’IMC: le sexe masculin (β= +0,944), l’âge (β= +0,861), l’AP à l’école (β= -0,311) et le CS à domicile (β= +0,163). Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité de promouvoir l’AP à l’école et de réduire le CS à domicile pour contribuer à la prévention de l’excès de poids chez les écoliers à Kinshasa.
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