Nutritional composition, bioactive properties, and acute toxicity of the fast-growing aquatic podostemaceae species Ledermaniella congolana from Kasaï-Central (DR Congo): a potential functional food for combating malnutrition.

Abstract

The Democratic Republic of Congo faces severe childhood malnutrition. This study aims to characterize Ledermaniella cf congolana, an aquatic plant harvested from the Luluwa River, by evaluating its nutritional composition, bioactive properties, and acute toxicity. Analyses included proximal composition (Kjeldahl and Soxhlet methods), mineral content (X-ray fluorescence), phenolic compounds (Folin-Ciocalteu), antioxidant activity (DPPH/ABTS), antibacterial activity (disk diffusion against (S. aureus), and oral toxicity in Wistar rats (doses of 1 to 5 ml/kg for 7 days). Results per 100 g of dry weight show a carbohydrate content of 80.1 g, an energy value of 370 kcal, 3.7 g of protein, and 0.66 g of lipids. The iron content is exceptionally high (34,5 mg/100 g), as is the manganese content (2.24 mg/100 g). The polyphenol content is 7.97 mg GAE/g, and the flavonoid content is 26.34 mg QE/g. Antioxidant activity is moderate (DPPH IC50: 856–1043 μg/ml), as is antibacterial activity (inhibition zone of 9 mm). No mortality was observed, although elevated transaminases were noted in all animals, attributable to experimental stress ; histology remained normal. This podostemaceae exhibits interesting energy and anti-anemic potential but has a low protein content. Its toxicity appears low, although subchronic studies are necessary. Ledermaniella cf congolana emerges as a promising local functional food to address energy and iron deficiencies, pending further validation.